Microneedle-Assisted Skin Permeation by Nontoxic Bioengineerable Gas Vesicle Nanoparticles.

Gas vesicle nanoparticles (GVNPs) are hollow, buoyant protein organelles produced by the extremophilic microbe Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 and are being developed as bioengineerable and biocompatible antigen and drug-delivery systems (DDS). Dynamic light scattering measurements of purified GVNP suspensions showed a mean diameter of 245 nm. In vitro diffusion studies using Yucatan miniature pig skin showed GVNP permeation to be enhanced after MN-treatment compared to untreated skin. GVNPs were found to be nontoxic to mammalian cells (human kidney and rat mycocardial myoblasts). These findings support the use of GVNPs as DDS for intradermal/transdermal permeation of protein- and peptide-based drugs.