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Relighting Photosensitizers by Synergistic Integration of Albumin and Perfluorocarbon for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2017 Februrary 2
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is hampered by poor water solubility and skin phototoxicity of photosensitizers (PSs). Incorporation of PSs into nanocarrier (Nano-PDT) has been designed to overcome these problems. However, self-quenching of PSs highly condensed in Nano-PDT significantly reduced singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) generation, resulting in unsatisfactory PDT efficacy. Here, we developed a novel tripleffect Nano-PDT, which has a special core-shell nanostructure by synergistic integration of perfluorotributylamine (PFTBA) and human serum albumin (HSA) to improve PDT. It has three mechanisms to relight quenched PSs, thereby generating more 1 O2 . First, PSs uniformly dispersed in the shell, preventing self-quenching caused by π-π stacking. Second, HSA as nanocarrier extends the triplet-state lifetimes of PSs, increasing the amount of 1 O2 . Third, PFTBA as core dissolves and protects1 O2 to extend the duration time of action of 1 O2 . Compared with PS-encapsulated Nano-PDT, the self-quenching of PSs in tripleffect Nano-PDT can be effectively overcome. The fluorescence and 1 O2 generation of PS are increased by approximately 100-fold and 15-fold, respectively. After intravenous injection into tumor-bearing mice, the tumor growth is significantly inhibited, while the PS-encapsulated Nano-PDT has almost no effect. The novel tripleffect Nano-PDT may guide improvement of existing clinical PDT and future PDT design.
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