Startup of the Anammox Process in a Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) from Conventional Activated Sludge.

  In this study, a laboratory-scale anammox process in a membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) was used to startup the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process from conventional activated sludge. Stable operation was achieved after 125 days. From that time, nitrogen load was gradually increased. After six months, the average nitrogen removal efficiency exceeded 80%. The highest obtained special anammox activity (SAA) achieved was 0.17 g (<inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="02268-ilm01.gif"/>-N + <inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="02268-ilm03.gif"/>-N) (g VSS × d)-1. Fluorescent in situ hybridization also proved the presence of the anammox bacteria, typically a genus of Brocadia anammoxidans and Kuenenia stuttgartiensis.