Psychological perspective of medication adherence in transplantation.

AIM: To identify the risk factors and the post-transplant psychological symptoms that affect adherence to therapy in a population of kidney transplant recipients.

METHODS: The study examined the psychological variables likely responsible for the non-adherent behavior using a psychological-psychiatric assessment, evaluation of the perception of patients' health status, and an interview regarding the anti-rejection drug therapy assumption. The study included 74 kidney transplant recipients.

RESULTS: Individuals with a higher level of education and more years since transplantation showed better mental balance. Regarding gender, women appeared to be less adherent to therapy. Further, the years since transplantation adversely affected the proper pharmacological assumption. Adherence to therapy did not significantly change with the mental health index.

CONCLUSION: The biopsychosocial illness model provides a conceptual frame of reference in which biological, psychological, and social aspects take on the same importance in the adherence to treatment protocols. For effective management, it is necessary to understand the patients' personal experiences, their assumptions about the disease, health status perception, and mood, and to identify any "barriers" that could cause them to become noncompliant.