Optimal Switching of DC-DC Power Converters Using Approximate Dynamic Programming.

Optimal switching between different topologies in step-down dc-dc voltage converters, with nonideal inductors and capacitors, is investigated in this paper. Challenges including constraint on the inductor current and voltage leakages across the capacitor (due to switching) are incorporated. The objective is generating the desired voltage with low ripples and high robustness toward line and load disturbances. A previously developed tool, which is based on approximate dynamic programming, is adapted for this application. The scheme leads to tuning a parametric function approximator to provide optimal switching in a feedback form. No fixed cycle time is assumed, as the cycle time and the duty ratio will be adjusted on the fly in an optimal fashion. The controller demonstrates good capabilities in controlling the system even under parameter uncertainties. Finally, some modifications on the scheme are conducted to handle optimal switching problems with state jumps at the switching times.