Comparing sleep profiles between patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and symptomatic partial epilepsy: Sleep questionnaire-based study.

OBJECTIVES: Patients with epilepsy commonly report excessive daytime sleepiness and daytime fatigue, which may be attributed to the direct effect of seizures, a side effect of antiepileptic drugs or a combination of the two. The aim of the study was to compare sleep profiles in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) and symptomatic partial epilepsy (PE) in drug naïve and treated patients using standardized sleep questionnaires.

METHODS: Three study groups: - 1) juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (N=40) [drug naïve (N=20); On sodium valproate (SVA) (N=20)]; 2) symptomatic partial epilepsy (N=40) [drug naïve (N=20); On carbamazepine (CBZ) (N=20)]; 3) healthy controls (N=40) completed 3 standardized sleep questionnaires - Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and NIMHANS Comprehensive Sleep Disorders Questionnaire. Scores were compared using t-test and Chi-squared tests (P≤0.005).

RESULTS: The mean PSQI scores as well as the proportion of subjects with abnormal PSQI scores were higher in patients with JME and PE compared to controls. Although the mean ESS scores were comparable between patients with epilepsy and controls, the percentage of patients with partial epilepsy having abnormal ESS scores was higher. No significant differences were present between drug naïve and treatment monotherapy groups. Excessive daytime somnolence was reported more often by patients with JME compared to patients with partial epilepsy and controls.

CONCLUSION: This study found that patients with epilepsy have a higher prevalence of poor sleep quality compared to controls. Moreover, a significantly higher percentage of patients with partial epilepsy had higher ESS scores compared to healthy controls. However, there was no difference between ESS and PSQI scores between drug naïve and treated patients with JME or PE.

SIGNIFICANCE: Poor sleep quality is more prevalent in patients with epilepsy irrespective of the use of antiepileptic medications. Excessive daytime somnolence is more commonly seen in patients with partial epilepsy when compared to the general population.