Gait and energy consumption in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A literature review.

BACKGROUND: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a progressive growth disease that affects spinal anatomy, mobility, and left-right trunk symmetry. The disease can modify human gait.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to review articles describing the measurement of gait parameters and energy consumption in AIS during walking without any intervention.

STUDY DESIGN: Literature review.

METHODS: The search strategy was based on the Population Intervention Comparison Outcome method and included all relevant articles published from 1996 to 2015. Articles were searched in MEDLINE via PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and ISI Web of Knowledge databases.

RESULTS: We selected 33 studies investigating the effect of scoliosis deformity on gait parameters and energy expenditure during walking. Most of the studies concluded no significant differences in walking speed, cadence and step width in scoliosis patients and normal participants. However, patients showed decreased hip and pelvic motion, excessive energy cost of walking, stepping pattern asymmetry and ground reaction force asymmetry.

CONCLUSION: We lack consistent evidence of the effect of scoliosis on temporal spatial and kinematic parameters in AIS patients as compared with normal people. However, further research is needed to assess the effect of scoliosis on gait and energy consumption.