Biochemical Analysis of the Lipoprotein Lipase Truncation Variant, LPL S447X , Reveals Increased Lipoprotein Uptake.

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is responsible for the hydrolysis of triglycerides from circulating lipoproteins. Whereas most identified mutations in the LPL gene are deleterious, one mutation, LPLS447X , causes a gain of function. This mutation truncates two amino acids from LPL's C-terminus. Carriers of LPLS447X have decreased VLDL levels and increased HDL levels, a cardioprotective phenotype. LPLS447X is used in Alipogene tiparvovec, the gene therapy product for individuals with familial LPL deficiency. It is unclear why LPLS447X results in a serum lipid profile more favorable than that of LPL. In vitro reports vary as to whether LPLS447X is more active than LPL. We report a comprehensive, biochemical comparison of purified LPLS447X and LPL dimers. We found no difference in specific activity on synthetic and natural substrates. We also did not observe a difference in the Ki for ANGPTL4 inhibition of LPLS447X relative to that of LPL. Finally, we analyzed LPL-mediated uptake of fluorescently labeled lipoprotein particles and found that LPLS447X enhanced lipoprotein uptake to a greater degree than LPL did. An LPL structural model suggests that the LPLS447X truncation exposes residues implicated in LPL binding to uptake receptors.