Anaemia and its association with month and blood phenotype in blood donors in Fako division, Cameroon.

BACKGROUND: Anaemia is one of the main factors in the deferral (disqualification) of blood donors following haematological screening. There is paucity of data on the prevalence of anaemia in blood donors in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of anaemia and its association with month and blood phenotype in blood donors in Fako division of Cameroon.

METHODS: Blood donors were recruited between the 1st of January and 31st of December 2014, and their haemoglobin concentration (Hb) was determined using a haemoglobinometer. Anaemia was considered as Hb < 12 g/dl for females and Hb < 13 g/dl for males. The ABO and Rhesus blood groups were determined using standard techniques with monoclonal antibodies and the Coombs' test. The Pearson's chi-square, Pearson's correlation, student T test, ANOVA, univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusting for gender and age as categorical variable were all performed as part of the statistical analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 1896 blood donors predominantly males (91.35%) took part in the study. The mean age of the donors was 32 ± 7.81 years. On average, donors had donated blood 5.07 ± 3.54 times in their lifetime. The prevalence of anaemia observed in this study was 31.44% (95% CI: 29.35-33.58). The prevalence of anaemia was higher in females (p ≤ 0.0001) and in participants of age 20 years and below (p = 0.001). A marginal association was observed between prevalence of anaemia and season (p = 0.051). Furthermore, a significant association was observed between prevalence of anaemia and the blood group AB (p = 0.001). The risk of developing anaemia was higher in females compared to males (OR = 2.7, p < 0.0001). The mean Hb observed in this study was 13.42 ± 1.65; the mean Hb was not observed to be associated with the month or season adjusting for age and gender.

CONCLUSION: This study revealed a high prevalence of anaemia which translates to a high rate of donor deferral as a result of anaemia in the study area. The prevalence of anaemia was observed to be associated with the blood phenotype and the month, but not the season (dry or rainy). Further studies will be needed to ascertain the aetiology and associated factors for anaemia in blood donors in the study area.