[Heterogeneity of childhood diabetes and its therapeutic implications].

The prevalence of diabetes in Czech children is 1 : 500-1 000. Its incidence rose about threefold over the past 25 years. Type 1 diabetes is the prevailing form of diabetes in childhood, but also monogenic forms are frequently diagnosed. The occurrence of type 2 diabetes is still marginal in Czech children, with a relative proportion of less than 1 % of all diabetic children. Etiological diagnosis is the basic prerequisite of an effective diabetes treatment. In this review we present novel aspects on etiology and therapy of diabetes diagnosed in childhood and adolescence.