Acute toxicity of organic antifouling biocides to phytoplankton Nitzschia pungens and zooplankton Artemia larvae.

The toxicity of the antifouling biocides Irgarol 1051, Diuron, Chlorothalonil, Dichlofluanid, Sea-nine 211, Copper pyrithione, Zinc pyrithione, Ziram and Zineb were evaluated on Nitzschia pungens and Artemia larvae. Results showed that EC50 for Irgarol 1051 was 0.586μgl-1 was the strongest effect on N. pungens following by Copper pyrithione (4.908μgl-1 ), Ziram (5.421μgl-1 ), Zinc pyrithione (5.513μgl-1 ), Diuron (6.640μgl-1 ), Zineb (232.249μgl-1 ), Sea-nine 211(267.368μgl-1 ), Chlorothalonil (360.963μgl-1 ) and Dichlofluanid (377.010μgl-1 ) in 96h. In Artemia larvae, the biocides were evaluated the LC50 for larval survivals at 48h. Sea-nine 211 and Copper pyrithione were 0.318 and 0.319mgl-1 . Chlorothalonil, Zinc pyrithione and Ziram were 2.683, 3.147 and 4.778mgl-1 . Irgarol 1051, Diuron, Zineb and Dichlofluanid were 9.734, 30.573, 41.170 and 154.944mgl-1 . These results provide baseline data concerning the toxicity of antifouling biocides against marine environment.