Performance of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor in which granular sludge and dynamic filtration are integrated.

To alleviate the fouling of a filter, simple substrates, dynamic filtration, and granular sludge were applied in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR). The results showed that under a transmembrane pressure < 20 kPa, the filter flux ranged between 15 and 20 l (m-2  h)-1 for a period of 30 days. The flux was higher than the typical flux of AnMBRs with conventional membranes and most current dynamic filters. In addition, the low cost of the filter avoided the need for a higher flux. Moreover, a stable granular sludge bed, which consumed all volatile fatty acids, was maintained. A compact fouling/filtration layer formed on the filter, which contributed to low effluent chemical oxygen demand concentrations and turbidity. In addition, substrate scarcity in the filtration zone resulted in the evolution of diverse bacteria on the filter.