JOURNAL ARTICLE
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
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Physiological responses to interval endurance exercise at different levels of blood flow restriction.

PURPOSE: We aimed to identify a blood flow restriction (BFR) endurance exercise protocol that would both maximize cardiopulmonary and metabolic strain, and minimize the perception of effort.

METHODS: Twelve healthy males (23 ± 2 years, 75 ± 7 kg) performed five different exercise protocols in randomized order: HI, high-intensity exercise starting at 105% of the incremental peak power (P peak ); I-BFR30, intermittent BFR at 30% P peak ; C-BFR30, continuous BFR at 30% P peak ; CON30, control exercise without BFR at 30% P peak ; I-BFR0, intermittent BFR during unloaded exercise. Cardiopulmonary, gastrocnemius oxygenation (StO2 ), capillary lactate ([La]), and perceived exertion (RPE) were measured.

RESULTS: V̇O2 , ventilation (V̇ E ), heart rate (HR), [La] and RPE were greater in HI than all other protocols. However, muscle StO2 was not different between HI (set1-57.8 ± 5.8; set2-58.1 ± 7.2%) and I-BRF30 (set1-59.4 ± 4.1; set2-60.5 ± 6.6%, p < 0.05). While physiologic responses were mostly similar between I-BFR30 and C-BFR30, [La] was greater in I-BFR30 (4.2 ± 1.1 vs. 2.6 ± 1.1 mmol L-1 , p = 0.014) and RPE was less (5.6 ± 2.1 and 7.4 ± 2.6; p = 0.014). I-BFR30 showed similar reduced muscle StO2 compared with HI, and increased blood lactate compared to C-BFR30 exercise.

CONCLUSION: Therefore, this study demonstrate that endurance cycling with intermittent BFR promotes muscle deoxygenation and metabolic strain, which may translate into increased endurance training adaptations while minimizing power output and RPE.

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