Associations between hemoglobin concentrations and the development of incidental metabolic syndrome or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

AIMS: Hemoglobin (Hb) is known to be associated with both nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MS). We evaluated the relationship between serum Hb levels and the development of MS or NAFLD.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. We recruited participants who underwent abdominal ultrasonography and blood samplings in both 2005 and 2010.

RESULTS: Graded independent relationships were observed between higher Hb levels and the incidence of MS and NAFLD. After adjusting for age, body mass index, and fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels, the risk of developing MS was significantly higher according to the Hb quartiles in men (P for trend=0.027). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the highest Hb quartile was 1.81 (1.06-3.10) for women and 1.43 (1.00-2.05) for men. The risk of developing NAFLD was also significantly higher according to the Hb quartiles in men (P for trend=0.03). The adjusted OR and 95% CI for the highest Hb quartile was 1.18 (0.73-1.91) in women and 1.76 (1.16-2.66) in men.

CONCLUSIONS: The risk of developing either MS or NAFLD was significantly associated with serum Hb levels in men. These findings have implications in the clinical availability of serum Hb as a predictor of MS and NAFLD.