Influence of Different Abutment Designs on the Biomechanical Behavior of Dental Root-Analog Implant: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate cross-sectional area of the abutments, strain distribution in the periimplant bone, stress in the abutments and dental root-analog implant by different abutment design under different loading conditions, through three-dimensional finite element analysis.

METHODS: Two three-dimensional finite element models were established. Two types of abutments, oval cross section abutment (OCSA) and circular cross section abutment (CCSA) were designed, keeping the size of the thinnest implant wall 0.75 mm. Two types of load were applied to the abutment in each model: 100 N vertical load (V), 100 N vertical/50 N horizontal load (VH). The biomechanical behaviors of abutments, implants, and periimplant bone were recorded.

RESULTS: The cross-section area of OCSA is 36.5% larger than that of CCSA. In implants, the maximum von Mises stress value in OCSA design was 24.6% lower than that in CCSA design under V and under VH. In abutments, the maximum von Mises stress value in OCSA design was 40.0% lower than that in CCSA design under V, the maximum von Mises stress value in OCSA design was 12.2% lower than that in CCSA design under VH.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The irregular design offers advantages over regular design.