JOURNAL ARTICLE
RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T
REVIEW
Add like
Add dislike
Add to saved papers

The danger from within: alarmins in arthritis.

Alarmins (also known as danger signals) are endogenous molecules that are released to the extracellular milieu after infection or tissue damage. Extracellular alarmins interact with specific receptors expressed by cells that are engaged in host defence to stimulate signalling pathways that result in initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses, triggering inflammation or tissue repair. Alarmins are considered to be markers of destructive processes that occur in degenerative joint diseases (primarily osteoarthritis (OA)) and chronic inflammatory joint diseases (such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and spondylarthropathy). In OA, high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and S100 proteins, along with many other alarmins, are abundantly secreted by joint cells, promoting cartilage matrix catabolism, osteophyte formation, angiogenesis and hypertrophic differentiation. The involvement of alarmins in chronic inflammatory arthritides is suggested by their presence in serum at high levels in these conditions, and their expression within inflamed synovia and synovial fluid. S100 proteins, HMGB1, IL-33 and other endogenous molecules have deleterious effects on joints, and can recruit immune cells such as dendritic cells to inflamed synovia, initiating the adaptive immune response and perpetuating disease. Improving our understanding of the pathological mechanisms associated with these danger signals is important to enable the targeting of new therapeutic approaches for arthritis.

Full text links

We have located links that may give you full text access.
Can't access the paper?
Try logging in through your university/institutional subscription. For a smoother one-click institutional access experience, please use our mobile app.

For the best experience, use the Read mobile app

Mobile app image

Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university

For the best experience, use the Read mobile app

All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2024 by WebMD LLC.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.

By using this service, you agree to our terms of use and privacy policy.

Your Privacy Choices Toggle icon

You can now claim free CME credits for this literature searchClaim now

Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university

For the best experience, use the Read mobile app