Three Gel States of Colloidal Composites Consisting of Polymer-Brush-Afforded Silica Particles and a Nematic Liquid Crystal with Distinct Viscoelastic and Optical Properties.

Colloidal composites consisting of polymer-brush-afforded silica particles (P-SiPs) and a nematic liquid crystal (LC) exhibited three gel states with distinct viscoelastic and/or optical properties depending on temperature: (1) opaque hard gel, (2) translucent hard gel, and (3) translucent soft gel. We demonstrated that the transitions of the optical property and the hardness of the gels were due to the phase transition of the LC matrix and the glass transition of the grafted polymers of P-SiPs, respectively. We then revealed that the gelation (the formation of the translucent soft gel) was caused by the phase separation of P-SiPs and LC matrix in an isotropic phase based on spinodal decomposition. In addition, the particle concentration and molecular weight of the grafted polymer of P-SiPs were observed to significantly affect the elastic moduli and thermal stability of the composite gels. By the addition of an azobenzene derivative into an LC matrix, we achieved photochemical switching of the transparency of the composites based on the photoinduced phase transition of LCs, while keeping self-supporting ability of the composite gel.