Factors associated with subluxation in mallet fracture.

Radiographs and medical record of all adult patients with a mallet fracture in three hospitals between 2004 and 2014 were reviewed. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes and text search in radiographic reports were used to identify all acute patients with potential mallet fractures in our institutional database. Manually checking, 392 true mallet fractures were identified among them, 78 had subluxation at the time of diagnosis and 19 had subluxation at a later time point during treatment. Fragment size, fragment displacement, and interval between injury and treatment were associated with initial and late subluxation. Subluxation was not observed when the fracture size was less than 39% of the total articular surface. For each 1% increase in total articular surface involvement in fractures with more than 39% involvement, the risk of subluxation increased by 4% and for each 1% of displacement, the risk of subluxation increased by 4%.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.