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The Chiari 3.5 malformation: a review of the only reported case.

INTRODUCTION: In 1894, Giuseppe Muscatello described what we believe to be the only case of an occipitocervical encephalocele with a communication to the stomach. This case and its history and context compared to the Chiari 3 malformation as described 3 years earlier by Hans Chiari are presented.

CONCLUSIONS: Based on the uniqueness of this case, we propose the term Chiari 3.5 malformation be used to describe its anatomical derailment.

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