Prognostic factors for facial nerve palsy in a pediatric population: A retrospective study and review.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To identify and analyze factors influencing the outcome of facial nerve palsy (FNP) in a pediatric population.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study.

METHODS: Sixty-seven pediatric patients (72 consecutive cases) diagnosed with and treated for FNP were divided into two severity subgroups. Associations between recovery in these groups and categorical variables were assessed using the Fisher exact test and for age using the t test.

RESULTS: Mean age on admission was 12.0 ± 4.5 years. Neither FNP outcome (graded by severity) nor improvement rates (expressed as the percentage of patients achieving a higher FNP grade over time) were influenced by gender, affected side, presence of polyneuropathy, etiology, or recurrent or familial FNP. In cases with comparable final outcome, improvement rates of those diagnosed with severe FNP on presentation (38.9% of cases) were significantly higher than mild-to-moderate FNP. Of the 47 patients who attended a follow-up examination 2 months after discharge, 70.2% have already recovered (by at least one House-Brackmann [H-B] grade) by the time they were discharged, whereas 90.9% achieved H-B grade ≤2, and 72.3% fully recovered (H-B grade 1) 2 months postdischarge. Adding antiviral medication did not affect FNP improvement rates or outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: Rates of infectious and traumatic etiology in our patients were higher than reported for adults, but the most common etiology-as in those adults-was idiopathic. Routine extended diagnostic workup was not helpful, and antiviral medications were ineffective. The prognosis of FNP in pediatric patients is excellent, with 90% recovery by 2 months after initial presentation.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 127:1175-1180, 2017.