Knowledge, opinions and factors influencing practices regarding sugar in oral paediatric medications: a survey of Dunedin pharmacy staff.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sugar, a known aetiological factor in dental decay, has been used in paediatric medications as a bulking agent, preservative and to improve taste. Although artificial sweeteners have largely replaced sugar, some prescribed and over-the-counter (OTC) paediatric medications and supplements containing sugar are still available in New Zealand. Little is currently known about the knowledge, opinions and practices of staff in NZ pharmacies regarding sugar-containing paediatric medications. This study was carried out to investigate these factors.

METHODS: After ethical approval was obtained, questionnaires were delivered to all staff members at pharmacies in the greater Dunedin area. Quantitative statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 22.0 with the alpha value set at 0.05. Qualitative data were analysed using a general inductive technique.

RESULTS: A total of 58 questionnaires were returned giving a pharmacy response rate of 63.0%. Some 29.9% of respondents thought the inclusion of sugar in medications necessary and 77.6% agreed that sugar in paediatric medications can contribute to dental decay. Most of the 67.2% who reported that they do not give advice to customers regarding sugar in medications and oral health, felt it was not a priority. Parental request was the main factor determining provision or recommendations regarding sugar-free options (87.9%).

CONCLUSION: Although choice of a sugar-free medication can be limited by many factors, inter-professional collaboration and knowledge sharing on this topic would be advantageous. In addition, the provision of more formalised education, either as part of undergraduate pharmacy curricula or as part of continuing education, should be considered.