A Practical Approach to Gastrointestinal Complications of Diabetes.

Gastrointestinal symptoms occur frequently among people with diabetes mellitus and are associated with considerable morbidity. Enteropathy, or large bowel dysfunction, includes constipation, diarrhea and fecal incontinence, and is particularly disturbing for many patients. The pathogenesis of diabetic enteropathy is complex, primarily related to gastrointestinal autonomic dysfunction and etiologically associated with chronic hyperglycemia and diabetes duration. Since there are many other non-iatrogenic and iatrogenic causes of the cardinal symptoms of large bowel dysfunction, patients suspected of having diabetic enteropathy require detailed evaluation. The management of patients with diabetic enteropathy is challenging, and often requires a multidisciplinary approach focusing on a combination of symptom mitigation and glycemic control.