Kinetics of Antimicrobial Activity of Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid and Metronidazole against β-Lactamase-Producing Bacteroides fragilis Group.

Bacteroides fragilis group are the most common anaerobic bacteria isolated in clinical specimens. The use of a beta-lactam with a β-lactamase inhibitor should result in a marked increase in the group's sensitivity to the β-lactams. Since the activity (MIC) shown by the amoxicillin + clavulanic acid combination against Bacteroides fragilis group is good, other parameters of in vitro activity have been studied. This study was also done with metronidazole. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined in 26 strains of Bacteroides fragilis group (14 B. fragilis; 5 B. thetaiotaomicron; 4 B. vulgatus; 3 B. distasonis). Likewise, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), the killing curve, the sub-MIC and post-antibiotic effect were determined. The MIC ranged between 0.5 and 32 mg/l. The MBC was two- to four-fold the MIC for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and one- to two-fold the MIC for metronidazole for most strains. The killing curve showed a continuous decrease, sloping most sharply between 0-2 hours and 6-8 hours. Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid showed a post-antibiotic effect between 2 and 4 hours. The inhibitory minimum antibiotic concentration was one-half the MIC for most strains.