We have located links that may give you full text access.
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Expression and function of toll-like receptor 4 and inflammasomes in cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts: IL-1β synthesis, secretion, and degradation.
Molecular Immunology 2016 June
UNLABELLED: Cardiac inflammation can be produced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), from parasitic, bacterial or viral origin; or by danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), released from dead cells after cardiac tissue damage, for example by cardiac infarction. Both, PAMPS and DAMPS activate TLR4 on resident immune cells and heart tissue cells, triggering an inflammatory process necessary to begin the wound healing process. Cardiac fibroblasts (CF) are the most abundant cells in the heart and are critical to wound healing, along with cardiac myofibroblasts (CMF), which are differentiated from CF through a TGF-β1-mediated process. While TLR4 and the inflammasome complex are known to play important roles in CF function, the effects of TGF-β1 on TLR4 and inflammasome expression and activity remain unknown. To elucidate this important point, we evaluated the effect of TGF-β1 on TLR4, and the inflammasome protein expression and activity through activation by LPS, mimicking a myocarditis condition by bacterial origin. We found that TGF-β1 increased TLR4 expression in CF and that the process was mediated by the TGFβRI and p38 signaling pathways. In both CF and CMF, LPS triggered ERK1/2, PI3K-Akt, and p65-NF-κB phosphorylation. All of these effects were blocked by TAK-242, a TLR4 signaling pathway inhibitor. LPS increased pro-IL-1β levels, which were dependent on the ERK1/2, PI3K-Akt, and NF-κB signaling pathways, and levels were higher in CF than CMF. NLRP3 and ASC levels were similar in CF and CMF, while pro-caspase-1 levels and caspase-1 activity were higher in CMF. LPS+ATP treatment induced inflammasome complex assembly and activation, triggering the release of IL-1β in both CMF and CF. Finally, the unsecreted pro-IL-1β in the CF was degraded by autophagy.
CONCLUSION: TGF-β1 increases TLR4 expression in CF. Despite different pro-IL-1β and caspase-1 activity levels in CF versus CMF, the two cell types secreted similar levels of IL-1β after LPS+ATP treatment. These findings suggest that both cell types are active participants in inflammation.
CONCLUSION: TGF-β1 increases TLR4 expression in CF. Despite different pro-IL-1β and caspase-1 activity levels in CF versus CMF, the two cell types secreted similar levels of IL-1β after LPS+ATP treatment. These findings suggest that both cell types are active participants in inflammation.
Full text links
Related Resources
Trending Papers
Challenges in Septic Shock: From New Hemodynamics to Blood Purification Therapies.Journal of Personalized Medicine 2024 Februrary 4
Molecular Targets of Novel Therapeutics for Diabetic Kidney Disease: A New Era of Nephroprotection.International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2024 April 4
The 'Ten Commandments' for the 2023 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of endocarditis.European Heart Journal 2024 April 18
A Guide to the Use of Vasopressors and Inotropes for Patients in Shock.Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 2024 April 14
Diagnosis and Management of Cardiac Sarcoidosis: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.Circulation 2024 April 19
Essential thrombocythaemia: A contemporary approach with new drugs on the horizon.British Journal of Haematology 2024 April 9
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app
All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2024 by WebMD LLC.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.
By using this service, you agree to our terms of use and privacy policy.
Your Privacy Choices
You can now claim free CME credits for this literature searchClaim now
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app