High-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy as monotherapy in one fraction for the treatment of favorable stage prostate cancer: Toxicity and long-term biochemical results.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate acute and late genitourinary, the gastrointestinal toxicity and the long-term biochemical control after HDR monotherapy in one fraction (19Gy).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between April 2008 and October 2010, 60 consecutive patients were treated with favorable clinically localized prostate cancer; the median follow-up was 72months (range 32-91). All patients received one implant and one fraction of HDR. Fraction dose was 19Gy. Toxicity was reported according to the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Event, Version 4.0 (CTAE v4.02) by the National Cancer Institute.

RESULTS: No intraoperative or perioperative complications occurred. Acute toxicity grade 2 or more was not observed in any patients. No chronic toxicity, such as incontinence, late urinary retention, urethral narrowing, rectal bleeding, anal ulcer and/or rectourethral fistula has been observed after treatment. The overall survival and failure in tumor-free survival (TFS) according to Kaplan-Meier estimates was 90% (±5%) and 88% (±5%) respectively at 6years. The actuarial biochemical control was 66% (±6%) at 6years.

CONCLUSIONS: This protocol is feasible and very well tolerated with low genitourinary morbidity, no gastrointestinal toxicity but no the same level of LDR biochemical control at 6years.