Tonsillectomy in adults with obstructive sleep apnea.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To study whether tonsillectomy is effective on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults with large tonsils.

STUDY DESIGN: A multicenter prospective interventional study.

METHODS: The study comprised 28 patients with OSA, an apnea-hypopnea index of > 10, large tonsils (Friedman tonsil size 3 and 4), and age 18 to 59 years. They were derived from 41 consecutive males and females with large tonsils referred for a suspicion of sleep apnea to the ear, nose, and throat departments in Umeå, Skellefteå, and Sunderbyn in northern Sweden. The primary outcome was the apnea-hypopnea index, measured with polygraphic sleep apnea recordings 6 months after surgery. Secondary outcomes included daytime sleepiness, as measured with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and swallowing function, using video-fluoroscopy.

RESULTS: The apnea-hypopnea index was reduced from a mean of 40 units per hour (95% confidence interval [CI] 28-51) to seven units per hour (95% CI 3-11), P < 0.001, at the 6-month follow-up after surgery. The apnea-hypopnea index was reduced in all patients and 18 (64%) were cured. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale was reduced from a mean of 11 (95% CI 8-13) to 6.0 (95% CI 4-7), P < 0.001. A swallowing dysfunction was found in seven of eight investigated patients before surgery. Of those, swallowing function improved in five patients after surgery, whereas no one deteriorated.

CONCLUSION: Tonsillectomy may be effective treatment for adult patients with OSA and large tonsils. Tonsillectomy may be suggested for adults with OSA and large tonsils.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4. Laryngoscope, 126:2859-2862, 2016.