Pendred Syndrome in a Newborn with Neck Swelling: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND: Pendred syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive condition, characterized by functional impairment of thyroid gland and sensorineural hearing loss. The syndrome presents in patients with homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation. The presentation in the form of neck mass in a newborn is rare.

CASE CHARACTERISTICS: A 1 month old baby presented to us with neck mass, which was found to be an enlarged thyroid gland. Thyroid function tests were consistent with hypothyroidism. Further evaluation revealed moderate sensorineural hearing loss; genetic analysis showed that baby was homozygous for the known mutations causing the disease.

INTERVENTION: Thyroid hormone replacement and hearing habilitation were done. Follow up showed regression of the neck mass and normalization of thyroid function tests. Genetic counseling of the family was done.

MESSAGE: Identification of the exact cause of congenital hypothyroidism can prevent grave consequences later on for the patient as well as for the family.