Changing patterns in paediatric optic atrophy aetiology: 1979 to 2015.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the aetiology of paediatric optic atrophy in an Australian population.

DESIGN: Retrospective review of medical records was conducted at The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.

PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred twenty-seven subjects <16 years who were diagnosed with optic atrophy on fundoscopic examination between 1979 and 2015 were included in the study.

METHODS: Subjects were obtained from the hospital database, which codes diagnoses for all admissions, as well as the orthoptic department database, which codes diagnoses for ophthalmology department outpatients.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The predominant cause for optic atrophy was assigned to each patient. Clinical presentation was defined as the principal reason for evaluation. Demographic data included gender, affected eye and age at diagnosis. Data on medical comorbidities (cerebral palsy, developmental delay, microcephaly and seizures) and ocular comorbidities (strabismus and nystagmus) were collected.

RESULTS: The mean age at initial eye review was 4.7 ± 4.4 years. There was bilateral optic atrophy in 81.5% of cases. Unilateral optic atrophy was largely due to tumours. When analysing over the three time periods, (1979-1990, 1991-2003 and 2004-2015), perinatal events (3.0%, 22.7% and 22.6%) and neurodegenerative disease (3.0%, 14.9% and 15.1%) are slowly replacing tumours (39.4%, 24.8% and 15.1%) as the top causes for paediatric optic atrophy. The incidence of other causes has remained fairly stable over time, albeit an increase in idiopathic causes.

CONCLUSIONS: There has been shift in the etiological profile of optic atrophy. Whilst tumours are still an important cause of paediatric optic atrophy for an Australian population, perinatal events and neurodegenerative disease are becoming more significant.