Swallowing in primary progressive aphasia.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have described characteristics of swallowing in primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and its variants.

OBJECTIVE: To describe and characterize swallowing and eating behaviors of patients with PPA, as well as their correlates with neuropsychiatric symptoms and patterns of communication.

METHODS: We studied 16 patients with PPA and 16 their caregivers. PPA was subdivided in agrammatic variant (PPA-G), semantic variant (PPA-S) and logopenic variant (PPA-L). All patients and their caregivers were screened with the following scales: "Assessment of Feeding and Swallowing Difficulties in Dementia", "Neuropsychiatric Inventory", and "Functional Outcome Questionnaire for Aphasia".

RESULTS: Patients with PPA-S had diverse swallowing problems such as drooling of saliva or food, multiple swallows, delayed swallow and choking, all of which correlated with anxiety, apathy and aberrant motor behavior. Patients with PPA-G and PPA-L had choking and delayed swallow, respectively. Disturbances in eating behaviors were more frequent in the group with PPA-L, and they correlated with difficulties in patterns of communication.

CONCLUSIONS: All variants showed swallowing difficulties and they were more frequent in PPA-S. Further studies with larger samples of patients are needed to better characterize swallowing problems and their consequences in the different variants of PPA.