Emergence of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella Pneumonia and Spread of KPC-2 and KPC-17 in Taiwan: A Nationwide Study from 2011 to 2013.

The emergence of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPKP) has become a great concern worldwide. In this study, 994 non-duplicate, carbapenem non-susceptible Klebsiella pneumonia isolates were collected in Taiwan from 2011 to 2013 for detection of the carbapenemase genes, assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular epidemiology studies. Of these 994 isolates, 183 (18.4%) had carbapenemase genes: 157 (15.8%) KPC (145 KPC-2 and 12 KPC-17), 16 (1.6%) IMP-8, 9 (0.9%) VIM-1, and 1 (0.1%) NDM-1. KPC had the highest prevalence rate among the carbapenemases and represented a major epidemic clone circulating in Taiwan. The ST512 and ST258 KPC-2 KPs were first identified in Taiwan and were grouped into a small cluster in the PFGE profile. In addition, the genetic structure encompassing the blaKPC gene of the ST512 and ST258 isolates showed a different pattern from that of other KPC isolates. ST11 may be a major sequence type circulating in Taiwan, although a specific minor clone has begun to be observed. This is the first report of ST258 and ST512 KPC-2 KP isolates in Taiwan, whether ST258 and ST512 will become the next endemic problems in Taiwan should be closely monitored.