Epidemiologic Associations Between Short-Bowel Syndrome and Bloodstream Infection Among Hospitalized Children.

BACKGROUND: Children with short bowel syndrome (SBS) suffer from strikingly high rates of morbidity and mortality, due in part to their susceptibility to life-threatening infectious diseases. Few large, multisite studies have evaluated patient-specific factors associated with bacteremia in hospitalized children with and without SBS.

METHODS: We conducted a case-control study to examine the epidemiological associations between SBS and bloodstream infections (BSI) in hospitalized children. Pediatric BSI cases and controls were selected from a prospective cohort study conducted at 3 New York City hospitals.

RESULTS: Among 40 723 hospital admissions of 30 179 children, 1047 diagnoses of BSI were identified. A total of 64 children had a diagnosis of SBS. BSI was identified frequently among hospitalizations for children admitted with SBS (n = 207/450, 46%) compared to hospitalizations for children without the condition (n = 840/40 273, 2.1%, P < .001). While this population represented only 0.2% of our overall cohort, it accounted for nearly 20% of all hospital admissions with BSI. Multivariable analysis identified 8 factors significantly associated with pediatric hospitalizations with BSI. These included a diagnosis of SBS (odds ratio [OR] 19.0), ages 1-5 years (OR 1.33), presence of a non-Broviac-Hickman central venous catheter (OR 6.36), immunosuppression (OR 0.53), kidney injury (OR 6.67), organ transplantation (OR 4.44), admission from a skilled nursing facility (OR 2.66), and cirrhosis (OR 7.23).

CONCLUSIONS: While several clinical characteristics are contributory to the risk of BSI in children, SBS remains the single strongest predictor. Further research into the mediators of this risk will be essential for the development of prevention strategies for this vulnerable population.