Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis in children with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess clinical course and outcome of children with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) who had an attack of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN).

METHOD: Renal status including blood pressure, proteinuria and glomerular filtration rate was retrospectively analyzed in five children with CAKUT and PSGN at the presentation and during the follow up.

RESULTS: In the period 2004-2013, 678 patients were diagnosed and recruited in our CAKUT cohort. During this period, 188 patients were hospitalized with the diagnosis of PSGN. A total of five patients had CAKUT and an episode of PSGN (2.6%). Analysis of the follow-up data revealed that three children fully recovered (bilateral vesicoureteral reflux n = 1, ectopic/hypodysplastic kidney n = 1, ureteropelvic junction obstruction n = 1). One child with bilateral hypodysplasia had progressive worsening of the renal function and has been prepared for renal replacement therapy. Another child with single kidney has stable renal function but has significant rising proteinuria, which was not evident on the routine analysis 2 months before the attack of PSGN.

CONCLUSION: Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis in children is generally benign disease with low mortality in acute stage and excellent medium and long-term prognosis. We analyzed our series of PSGN patients and found that 2.6% had anomaly of the urinary tract. The unfavorable outcome was noted in children with single kidney and bilateral renal impairment.