Abuse in Mexican Older Adults with Long-Term Disability: National Prevalence and Associated Factors.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of self-reported abuse in elderly Mexican adults with long-term disabilities and to identify associated risk factors.

DESIGN: Secondary analysis of the Perception of Disability in Mexican Population 2010 survey.

SETTING: Mexico.

PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged 60 and older with long-term disabilities without cognitive decline (N = 1,089).

MEASUREMENTS: The elder abuse variable was constructed from the 21 questions included in the survey that assessed the presence of physical, psychological, sexual, and financial exploitation. Independent variables included demographic characteristics, self-rated health, disability (number of functional domains or basic activities), multimorbidity, emotional symptoms, health resources used, and informal help.

RESULTS: The prevalence of elder abuse was 32.1%. The most frequent type of abuse was psychological (28.1%). Nearly 58% of respondents reported one type of abuse, 34% reported two types, and 8% reported more than three types. The most common combination of two types of abuse was psychological with financial exploitation. Variables associated with the presence of psychological, physical, and sexual abuse (conflict abuse) were age 80 and older, 9 or more years of education, unemployment, negative self-rated health, three or more disabilities, emotional symptoms, and history of hospitalization. Financial exploitation was associated with age 80 and older, being married or living with a partner, 9 or more years of education, unemployment, living in an urban area, negative self-rated health, three or more disabilities, emotional symptoms, and history of hospitalization.

CONCLUSION: The prevalence of abuse in elderly Mexican adults with long-term disabilities is high. Associated factors were level of education, number of disabilities, and health status. Further studies should explore the applicability of these results to other populations.