Postoperative Critical Care of the Adult Cardiac Surgical Patient: Part II: Procedure-Specific Considerations, Management of Complications, and Quality Improvement.

OBJECTIVES: The armamentarium of cardiac surgery continues to expand, and the cardiac intensivist must be familiar with a broad spectrum of procedures and their specific management concerns. In the conclusion of this two-part review, we will review procedure-specific concerns after cardiac surgery and the management of common complications. We also discuss performance improvement and outcome assurance.

DATA SOURCE AND SYNTHESIS: Narrative review of relative English language peer-reviewed medical literature.

CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of procedure-specific sequelae informs anticipation and prevention of many complications after cardiac surgery. Most complications after cardiac surgery fall into a limited number of categories. Familiarity with common complications combined with a structured approach to management facilitates response to even the most complicated postoperative situations. Standardized care and constant self-examination are essential for programmatic improvement and consistent high-quality care.