Bariatric and metabolic outcomes in the super-obese elderly.

BACKGROUND: Numerous reports address bariatric outcomes in super-obese or elderly patients, but data addressing this high-risk combination is lacking.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess outcomes of bariatric surgery in the super-obese elderly.

SETTING: Academic institution, United States.

METHODS: All primary bariatric cases performed on patients aged 65 years or older with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 50 kg/m(2) were retrospectively analyzed. Surgical approaches included laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB), laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB).

RESULTS: Thirty patients (26 female, 4 male) with a mean age of 67.1 ± 2.7 years and BMI of 55.9 ± 3.9 kg/m(2), who had LRYGB (n = 16), LSG (n = 6), or LAGB (n = 8), were identified. There were no deaths, conversions, or intraoperative complications. Three patients were lost to follow-up after the 3-month visit. The early (<30 d) major morbidity rate was 10.0%. At a median follow-up of 37 (range, 6-95) months, the cohort had a mean BMI of 42.3 ± 6.7 kg/m(2), which corresponded to a mean percent excess weight loss of 44.5% ± 20.5% and mean percent total weight loss of 24.4% ± 12.2%. The most percent excess weight loss was achieved after LRYGB (54.1% ± 19.4%), followed by LSG (48.3% ± 10.2%) and then LAGB (26.2% ± 14.4%). Diabetic medication reduction in number and/or dosage was observed in 40% (6/15) patients, and 33% (5/15) of patients were completely off antidiabetic agents.

CONCLUSIONS: Although further research is needed, the present data suggest that successful weight loss and metabolic improvement can be achieved safely in the high-risk population of super-obese elderly.