Neurobehavioral assessment.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article presents a multidimensional, integrative approach to clinical assessment and management of neurobehavioral disorders.

RECENT FINDINGS: Behavioral neurology and neuropsychiatry has grown as a subspecialty along with increased recognition of two common brain disorders: dementia and traumatic brain injury. Alzheimer disease is a highly prevalent dementia and a prototypical memory disorder, which has led to a primary focus on cognitive screening and assessment. By contrast, recent attention concerning possible long-term sequelae of repetitive traumatic brain injury has emphasized aberrant behavior (eg, depression, impulsivity, aggression). Clinical phenotyping across cognitive and behavioral dimensions, in conjunction with advancements in structural and functional neuroimaging, brain electrophysiologic techniques, and molecular genetics, is essential to improve diagnostic precision and therapeutic targeting along the spectrum of CNS disorders.

SUMMARY: All neurologists benefit from honing their clinical skills in neurobehavioral assessment. A systematic approach to cognitive and behavioral assessment increases differential diagnostic specificity, helps focus appropriate therapeutic interventions, and improves the quality of life for patients and their families. This article highlights practical approaches to neurobehavioral assessment in support of differential diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring in general neurology practice.