Patterns and treatment of neck metastases in patients with salivary gland cancers.

BACKGROUND: Management of the neck in patients with salivary gland cancer is controversial. This study aimed to identify clinicopathologic characteristics associated with regional metastases and regional recurrence in patients with salivary gland carcinoma.

METHODS: Of 363 study patients, 51 underwent therapeutic neck dissection (TND) and 312 underwent either elective neck dissection (END, n = 110) or no neck dissection (NoND, n = 202). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify clinicopathologic characteristics associated with regional metastases and recurrence.

RESULTS: Pathologic neck metastases were identified in 17/110 (15.5%) END patients and neck recurrence was identified in 5/202 (2.5%) NoND patients. Histologic grade (P < 0.001), tumor site (P = 0.008), and lymphovascular invasion (P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for neck metastases. Nodal metastases were more common in high-grade tumors (P < 0.001), at levels I-III in END patients and levels I-V in TND patients. Multivariate analyses identified histologic grade (P = 0.020), clinical N2 classification (P = 0.007), and extranodal extension (P = 0.005) as independent factors for regional recurrence after treatment.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with high-grade cancers should receive END involving levels I-III, whereas patients with node-positive salivary cancers should receive comprehensive TND involving all levels (I-V).