Metabolic disorders in Turkish children with urolithiasis.

OBJECTIVE: To review metabolic disorders in Turkish children with urinary tract stone disease.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 308 pediatric patients with the diagnosis of urolithiasis between 1996 and 2008, whose disease progression was followed in a single tertiary-care center, were reviewed retrospectively. Two hundred forty-eight patients whose metabolic analyses were performed were included in the study.

RESULTS: Of the 248 patients participating in the study, 142 (57%) were men and 106 (43%) were women. The median age of the patients was 48 months (minimum-maximum, 2-180 months). Seventy-six percent of the patients had metabolic disorders. Of all patients, 44% had 1, 23% had 2, and 7% had 3 metabolic disorders. Hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia, hyperoxaluria, hyperuricosuria, and cystinuria were detected in 41%, 39%, 22%, 9%, and 4% of the patients, respectively. The rate of multiple stone formation, infection, and recurrence was significantly higher in the 0-2 years age group (P = .030, P = .001, P = .019, respectively). The median age of patients was greater (P = .001) in patients with hyperoxaluria in comparison with other metabolic disorders. Compared with other metabolic disorders, multiple stones and recurrence were more frequent in patients with cystinuria (P = .022 and P = .008, respectively). The size of the stones was greater in patients with hyperuricosuria in comparison with other metabolic disorders (P = .009).

CONCLUSION: The majority of children with urinary tract stone disease exhibited ≥1 metabolic risk factors. Metabolic risk factors should be evaluated in all children with urinary stone disease to provide appropriate treatment.