Genetics of primary aldosteronism.

OBJECTIVE: The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Adrenal Scientific Committee has developed a series of articles to update members on the genetics of adrenal diseases.

METHODS: Case presentation, discussion of literature, table, and bullet point conclusions.

RESULTS: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common form of secondary hypertension. Early detection, surveillance, and treatment of PA may mitigate future cardiovascular risk. The genetics of PA are rapidly evolving, and the consideration for genetic causes of PA are growing. Three inheritable forms of PA are now recognized: familial hyperaldosteronism type I (glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism), familial hyperaldosteronism type II, and familial hyperaldosteronism type III. The recent discovery of familial hyperaldosteornism type III spurred a flurry of international and collaborative research that is identifying more genetic and molecular causes of PA that relate to mutations in membrane electrolyte transport channels of zona glomerulosa cells.

CONCLUSION: This article reviews the various genetic forms of PA, including a focus on the molecular mechanisms involved, diagnosis, and treatment.