The TRANSNephro-study examining a new transition model for post-kidney transplant adolescents and an analysis of the present health care: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The transition from pediatric to nephrology care is not yet a standardized procedure. The result is an increased risk of deteriorating transplant function, with the potential for premature transplant failure.

METHODS/DESIGN: In phase I of this study, we shall evaluate the current patient transition situation in all existing German pediatric and nephrology departments (n = 17), including an evaluation of the views of physicians, nurses, and psychosocial support staff regarding transition. Phase II will be a prospective, randomized study in which we compare current unstructured transition (control group) to structured transition (intervention group). The structured transition approach integrates the core elements of the Berliner TransitionsProgramm in combination with two facilitating smartphone apps. The primary endpoint of this study will be therapy adherence, as reflected by group variation coefficients of immunosuppressive agent levels. As a secondary outcome, we will compare patients' self-reported quality of life, satisfaction of patients and their parents with each transition model, and how patient-centered healthcare components are utilized. These secondary parameters will be assessed with established instruments or with instruments developed (and pilot tested) in phase I of the project.

DISCUSSION: The long-term goal of this work is to provide a model of structured transition from pediatric to adult care for adolescent nephrology patients, in order to improve transplant survival and patient wellbeing.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Identifier: Clinicaltrials.gov: ISRCTN22988897, registered on 24 April 2014).