Tissue engineering for otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery.

Tissue regeneration in otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery is a diverse area filled with specialized tissues and functions. Head and neck structures govern many of the 5 senses, swallowing, breathing, communication, facial animation, and aesthetics. Loss of these functions can have a severe negative effect on patient quality of life. Regenerative medicine techniques have the potential to restore these functions while minimizing the risks associated with traditional reconstruction techniques. This article serves as a review and update on some of the regenerative medicine research in this field. A description of the predominant clinical problems is presented, followed by a discussion of some of the most promising research working toward a solution. There are many noteworthy findings appropriate for inclusion, but limitations preclude mention of them all. This article focuses on laryngeal surgery, craniofacial reconstruction and plastic surgery, and otology and hearing.