Electroencephalographic correlates of working memory deficits in children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder using a single-electrode pair recording device.

OBJECTIVE: Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) exhibit cognitive deficits that can be probed using eye movement tasks. We employed a recently developed, single-sensor electroencephalographic (EEG) recording device in measuring EEG activity during the performance of an eye movement task probing working memory in this population.

METHODS: Children with FASD (n=18) and typically developing children (n=19) performed a memory-guided saccade task requiring the participant to remember the spatial location of one, two or three stimuli. We hypothesized that children with FASD would (i) exhibit performance deficits, particularly at greater mnemonic loads; and (ii) display differences in theta (4-8Hz) and alpha (8-12Hz) frequency band power compared with controls.

RESULTS: Children with FASD failed to perform the task correctly more often than controls when presented with two or three stimuli, and demonstrated related reductions in alpha and theta power.

CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the memory-guided task is sensitive to working memory deficits in children with FASD.

SIGNIFICANCE: Simultaneous recording of EEG activity suggest differing patterns of underlying neural recruitment in the clinical group, consistent with previous literature indicating more cognitive resources are required by children with FASD in order to complete complex tasks correctly.