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Clinical, Echocardiographic and Prognostic Profile of Streptococcus viridans Left-Sided Endocarditis.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Published case series on Streptococcus viridans endocarditis are scarce and outdated. The aims of our study were multiple: to analyze the profile of the Streptococcus viridans endocarditis, to compare it with other types of left-sided endocarditis and with cases caused by Staphylococcus aureus, and to determine predictors of poor outcome in Streptococcus viridans endocarditis.

PATIENTS AND METHOD: We analyzed 441 episodes of endocarditis: 330 left-sided and 54 caused by Streptococcus viridans (16%). We compared the 54 cases due to Streptococcus viridans with the remaining cases of left-sided endocarditis in our series, and also with cases caused by Staphylococcus aureus. We also analyzed the predictors of death and urgent surgery in Streptococcus viridans endocarditis.

RESULTS: Left-sided endocarditis due to Streptococcus viridans led to a similar degree of valvular destruction, showed acute onset less frequently, and led to less renal failure, septic shock and mortality than the remaining cases of left-sided endocarditis in our series. The same differences were found in comparison to Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. Prognostic factors for Streptococcus viridans left-sided endocarditis were heart failure and periannular complications.

CONCLUSIONS: Although Streptococcus viridans is a no-naggressive microorganism, valvular destruction is similar to that caused by other pathogens when it causes left-sided endocarditis. Nonetheless its prognosis is better, a feature which may be related to the fact that the systemic infectious syndrome can be treated more effectively. Prognostic factors in left-sided endocarditis due to Streptococcus viridans are heart failure and periannular complications. INTRODUCCIóN Y OBJETIVOS: Hay escasas y antiguas series en la literatura médica respecto de la endocarditis por Streptococcus viridans. Nuestro objetivo ha sido múltiple: analizar el perfil de la endocarditis por Streptococcus viridans, compararlo con el resto de las endocarditis izquierdas y con la endocarditis por Staphylococcus aureus y determinar los factores predictores de mal pronóstico en la endocarditis por Streptococcus viridans. PACIENTES Y MéTODO: Hemos analizado 441 episodios de endocarditis: 330 izquierdas y 54 (16%) provocados por Streptococcus viridans. Hemos comparado las 54 endocarditis por Streptococcus viridans con las provocadas por el resto de las endocarditis izquierdas de nuestra se-rie y en un segundo análisis con las provocadas por Staphylococcus aureus. También hemos realizado un análisis de los factores predictores de muerte o cirugía urgente en la endocarditis por Streptococcus viridans.

RESULTADOS: Las endocarditis izquierdas por Streptococcus viridans provocan una destrucción valvular similar, tienen menos frecuentemente un curso agudo, provocan menos insuficiencia renal, shock séptico y menor mortali-dad que el resto de las endocarditis izquierdas de nuestra serie. Al compararlas con las endocarditis por Staphylococcus aureus se encontraron las mismas diferencias. Los factores determinantes del pronóstico en la endocarditis izquierda por Streptococcus viridans fueron la insuficiencia cardíaca y las complicaciones perianulares.

CONCLUSIONES: Aunque Streptococcus viridans es un microorganismo poco agresivo, cuando provoca endocarditis izquierda da lugar a una destrucción valvular semejante a la del resto de las endocarditis. Sin embargo, el pronóstico es más favorable, lo que podría estar en relación con el hecho de que el síndrome infeccioso general se controla mejor. Los factores que determinan su pronóstico son la insuficiencia cardíaca y las complicaciones perianulares.

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