Do dopamine agonists prevent or reduce the severity of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in women undergoing assisted reproduction? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Controlled ovarian stimulation is an integral part of assisted reproduction treatment. This can result in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), which is associated with significant morbidity and potentially mortality. Recent approaches to ovarian stimulation have led to a reduction in the prevalence of OHSS but it still occurs. Dopamine agonists (DAs) have been used with some success during the ovarian stimulation phase when there are early signs of OHSS but there is no consensus on when to start and stop treatment or on the dose and specific agonist to use. EMBRASE, MEDLINE and Cochrane were searched using the following terms: ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, DAs, cabergoline, quinagolide, bromocriptide, pergolide, talipexole, ropinirole and pranipexole. The search yielded 20 publications. In total 1646 woman were included and 914 received a DA. In the treated group 86 (9.41%) developed OHSS, compared with 157 (21.45%) in the non-treated group. Nine studies were suitable for meta-analysis. This showed a benefit to the use of DAs (RR 0.51 [0.33, 0.78], Chi² = 16.07). The use of DAs appears to be effective for the prevention of OHSS. DAs are useful but less effective for the treatment of OHSS. No conclusions can be made regarding the most effective drug, the optimal dose or the most appropriate drug regimen.