[Solved and unsolved problems of nutritional support in surgical gastroenterology].

The article has revealed the relevance of nutriciology as a science, classification and types of nutritional support. Nutritional support--diagnostics and the metabolic correction of arising violations of various kinds of homeostasis, aimed at ensuring the functioning of the systems of protein-energy synthesis and intermediate exchange of nutrients, vitamins, macro--and microelements, or a temporary replacement therapy of their failure. The notions of "lack of food", "artificial" food, protein-energy insufficiency with the exception of the syndromes of malabsorption, alimentary anemia, the effects of protein-energy malnutrition, consumptive disease, starvation have been interpreted. It was noted that nutriciology has taken place as a science. The problems of prognostification of nutritional deficiency, assessment of nutritional risk, the organization of nutritional support in the hospital and at home have been presented. Some fundamental bases of enteral probe feeding have been described.