Improving communication of the daily care plan in a teaching hospital intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND: Patients admitted to intensive care units have complex care needs. Accordingly, communication and handover of the medical care plan is very important.

OBJECTIVE: To assess changes in ICU nurses' understanding of the medical daily care plan after development and implementation of a pro forma to improve documentation and communication of the plan.

DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The study was conducted between February and November 2012 in a mixed medical-surgical, 18-bed, closed ICU in a teaching hospital. Baseline and post-intervention surveys assessed ICU bedside nurses' self-reported understanding of elements of the daily care plan.

INTERVENTION: After receiving input from bedside nurses and medical staff, we developed the daily care plan as a single-page pro forma for handwritten documentation of a clinical problems list, plan and interventions list, daily chest x-ray results, a modified FAST-HUG checklist, and discharge planning during the evening consultant ward round. The finalised pro forma was introduced on 25 July 2012.

RESULTS: Introduction of the pro forma daily care plan was associated with marked and statistically significant improvements in nurses' self-reported understanding of a list of the patient's clinical problems, the management plan after the ward round, issues for discharge for the following day (all P < 0.001) and, to a lesser extent, the physiological targets and aims (P = 0.003) and interpretation of the daily chest x-ray (P < 0.001). In the post-intervention survey, only 4/118 free-text comments (3.4%) suggested that documentation of the plan was doctor-dependent, compared with 28/198 (14.1%) at baseline (P = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS: Introduction of a single-page, handwritten, structured daily care plan produced marked improvements in ICU nurses' self-reported understanding of elements of the medical plan, and may have reduced practice variation in medical plan documentation. The effects of this intervention on patient outcomes remain untested.