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JOURNAL ARTICLE
META-ANALYSIS
RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T
Urinary interleukin 18 for detection of acute kidney injury: a meta-analysis.
American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2013 December
BACKGROUND: Interleukin 18 (IL-18) has been proposed as a biomarker for the early detection of acute kidney injury (AKI), but a broad range of its predictive accuracy has been reported.
STUDY DESIGN: Meta-analysis of diagnostic test studies.
SETTING & POPULATION: Various clinical settings of AKI, including after cardiac surgery, after contrast infusion, in the emergency department, or in the intensive care unit.
SELECTION CRITERIA FOR STUDIES: Prospective studies that investigated the diagnostic accuracy of IL-18 level to predict AKI.
INDEX TESTS: Increasing or increased urinary IL-18 excretion.
REFERENCE TESTS: The primary outcome was AKI development, mainly based on serum creatinine level (definition varied across studies). The other outcome was in-hospital mortality.
RESULTS: We analyzed data from 23 studies and 7 countries involving 4,512 patients. Of these studies, 18 could be included in the meta-analysis. Across all settings, the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) for urinary IL-18 level to predict AKI was 4.22 (95% CI, 2.90-6.14), with sensitivity and specificity of 0.58 and 0.75, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of urinary IL-18 level to predict AKI was 0.70 (95% CI, 0.66-0.74). Subgroup analysis showed the DOR/AUROC of urinary IL-18 was 5.32 (95% CI, 2.92-9.70)/0.72 (95% CI, 0.68-0.76) in cardiac surgery patients and 3.65 (95% CI, 1.88-7.10)/0.66 (95% CI, 0.62-0.70) in intensive care unit or coronary care unit patients. After stratification for age, IL-18 level had better diagnostic accuracy in children and adolescents versus adults: 8.12 (95% CI, 3.79-17.41)/0.78 (95% CI, 0.75-0.82) versus 3.31 (95% CI, 2.28-4.80)/0.66 (95% CI, 0.62-0.70). There was no significant difference in predictive performance of urinary IL-18 level among various times.
LIMITATIONS: Various clinical settings; different definition of AKI and serum creatinine level as the reference standard test for the diagnosis of AKI.
CONCLUSIONS: Urinary IL-18 is a useful biomarker of AKI with moderate predictive value across all clinical settings.
STUDY DESIGN: Meta-analysis of diagnostic test studies.
SETTING & POPULATION: Various clinical settings of AKI, including after cardiac surgery, after contrast infusion, in the emergency department, or in the intensive care unit.
SELECTION CRITERIA FOR STUDIES: Prospective studies that investigated the diagnostic accuracy of IL-18 level to predict AKI.
INDEX TESTS: Increasing or increased urinary IL-18 excretion.
REFERENCE TESTS: The primary outcome was AKI development, mainly based on serum creatinine level (definition varied across studies). The other outcome was in-hospital mortality.
RESULTS: We analyzed data from 23 studies and 7 countries involving 4,512 patients. Of these studies, 18 could be included in the meta-analysis. Across all settings, the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) for urinary IL-18 level to predict AKI was 4.22 (95% CI, 2.90-6.14), with sensitivity and specificity of 0.58 and 0.75, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of urinary IL-18 level to predict AKI was 0.70 (95% CI, 0.66-0.74). Subgroup analysis showed the DOR/AUROC of urinary IL-18 was 5.32 (95% CI, 2.92-9.70)/0.72 (95% CI, 0.68-0.76) in cardiac surgery patients and 3.65 (95% CI, 1.88-7.10)/0.66 (95% CI, 0.62-0.70) in intensive care unit or coronary care unit patients. After stratification for age, IL-18 level had better diagnostic accuracy in children and adolescents versus adults: 8.12 (95% CI, 3.79-17.41)/0.78 (95% CI, 0.75-0.82) versus 3.31 (95% CI, 2.28-4.80)/0.66 (95% CI, 0.62-0.70). There was no significant difference in predictive performance of urinary IL-18 level among various times.
LIMITATIONS: Various clinical settings; different definition of AKI and serum creatinine level as the reference standard test for the diagnosis of AKI.
CONCLUSIONS: Urinary IL-18 is a useful biomarker of AKI with moderate predictive value across all clinical settings.
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