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Impact of platelet transfusions in children with post-diarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Platelet transfusions should be avoided in children with post-diarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome (D + HUS) because they might increase microthrombi formation, thereby aggravating the disease. As this possibility has not yet been explored, we investigated whether platelet transfusion in patients with D + HUS would lead to a worse disease course compared to that in patients who did not receive platelet transfusion.

METHODS: This was a case-control study in which data from D + HUS children who received platelet transfusions (cases, n  =  23) and those who did not (controls, n  =  54) were retrospectively reviewed and compared.

RESULTS: Both patient groups were similar in age (p = 0.3), gender (p  =  0.53), weight (p  =  0.86), height (p  =  0.45), prior use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (p  =  0.59) or antibiotics (p  =  0.45) and presence of dehydration at admission (p  =  0.79). The two groups also did not differ in initial leukocyte count (p  =  0.98), hematocrit (p  =  0.44) and sodium (p  =  0.11) and alanine aminotransferase levels (p  =  0.11). During hospitalization, dialysis duration (p  =  0.08), number of erythrocyte transfusions (p  =  0.2), serum creatinine peak (p  =  0.22), presence of severe bowel (p  =  0.43) or neurologic (p  =  0.97) injury, arterial hypertension (p  =  0.71), need for intensive care (p  =  0.33) and death (p  =  1.00) were also comparable.

CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that platelet transfusion does not aggravate the course of the disease. Conversely, no hemorrhagic complications were observed in the group of patients who did not receive a platelet transfusion. Until these observations are confirmed by further studies, the benefits and risk of platelet transfusion should be thoughtfully balanced on an individual case basis.

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