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JOURNAL ARTICLE
RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T
REVIEW
Perioperative cardiac evaluation, monitoring, and risk reduction strategies in noncardiac surgery patients.
Current Opinion in Critical Care 2011 October
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cardiac complications after noncardiac surgery cause significant morbidity and mortality. This review will discuss recent developments in risk stratification, monitoring, and risk reduction strategies.
RECENT FINDINGS: The addition of biomarkers for ischemia, left ventricular function, and atherosclerosis to classic cardiac risk factors improves the prediction of both short-term and long-term outcome after noncardiac surgery. Intraoperative monitoring, using continuous 12-lead ECG assessment and transesophageal echocardiography, may timely identify treatable myocardial ischemia and arrhythmias. A prudent perioperative beta-blocker and statin regimen can reduce cardiac complications and mortality without increasing the risk of stroke in intermediate to high-risk patients. The use of circulatory assist devices might improve outcomes after major surgery in patients with severely reduced left ventricular function.
SUMMARY: Systematic preoperative assessment can identify patients at high risk of cardiac complications and guide the application of appropriate risk reduction strategies.
RECENT FINDINGS: The addition of biomarkers for ischemia, left ventricular function, and atherosclerosis to classic cardiac risk factors improves the prediction of both short-term and long-term outcome after noncardiac surgery. Intraoperative monitoring, using continuous 12-lead ECG assessment and transesophageal echocardiography, may timely identify treatable myocardial ischemia and arrhythmias. A prudent perioperative beta-blocker and statin regimen can reduce cardiac complications and mortality without increasing the risk of stroke in intermediate to high-risk patients. The use of circulatory assist devices might improve outcomes after major surgery in patients with severely reduced left ventricular function.
SUMMARY: Systematic preoperative assessment can identify patients at high risk of cardiac complications and guide the application of appropriate risk reduction strategies.
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