Do as I say or die: compliance in adolescents with cancer.

Adolescence is a time of great physical change and maturing brain function. This leads to adolescents establishing independence and coming to terms with the implications of their own actions. Not surprisingly, this phase is characterized by experimentation with both constructive and destructive behavior. Studies in many areas of chronic illness have shown that adolescents frequently neglect their care and revolt against the rules established during their childhood. It is therefore to be expected that teenagers diagnosed with a life threatening illness, such as cancer, may on occasion not fully comply with their therapy. The way forward includes improving communication and fully involving these young persons in their treatment planning, thereby moving from compliance to concordance. Additional improvements should be sought in medication, early recognition and support of familial or social problems, and using a specific adolescent multidisciplinary team. Research should not be limited to clinical trials.